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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technology and Its Transformative Impact on Molecular Diagnostics and Genomic Research
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, enabling precise detection, quantification, and analysis of genetic material.
PCR has become a cornerstone in diagnostics, research, forensics, and biotechnology due to its sensitivity, specificity, and rapid turnaround.
PCR applications span disease detection, genetic mutation analysis, pathogen identification, and forensic investigations. Techniques such as real-time PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and multiplex PCR allow quantitative analysis, RNA detection, and simultaneous amplification of multiple targets, expanding versatility in clinical and research settings.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of PCR in diagnosing viral infections, shaping public health strategies, and guiding therapeutic interventions. Innovations in PCR technology, including automation, high-throughput platforms, and point-of-care devices, continue to enhance accessibility, speed, and accuracy, reinforcing its indispensable role in modern molecular diagnostics.